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Coontie

Zamia integrifolia (ZAY-mee-ah in-teg-ree-FOH-lee-uh)

Family: Zamiaceae Unknown Herbaceous (3-15 ft)

Coontie is a shrubby perennial with a fleshy, underground stem in the zamia family (Zamiaceae). It is native to the States of Florida and Georgia. The epithet is a Latin compound meaning "entire leaves" and refers to the entire margins of the leaflets. It prefers well-drained, sandy, moist soils with or without organic matter, though it does grow better in more nutrient-dense soils. It is drought-tolerant and tolerates salt spray. This small, ancient cycad supports an endangered butterfly (the Florida Atala) so planting it in mass as a groundcover will help this butterfly, though the plants may suffer from larval feeding. They usually recover nicely. The fleshy seed coat must be removed to start germination. Stem cuttings from the underground fleshy stem can be used to create new plants. Five taxonomic varieties are recognized from Florida and Georgia. They are: variety integrifolia , var. broomei , var. floridana , var. sylvicola and var. umbrosa . They are distinguished based on leaf and leaflet characters, habitats and distributions. North of its native habitat, coontie can be cultivated as a houseplant or conservatory plant in a generous pot and summered outside in dappled shade. More information on Zamia .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 61 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Ground Cover; Poisonous
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
High Organic Matter; Sand
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
Available space
12 inches-3 feet; 3 feet-6 feet
NC region
Coastal
Mature size
Height: 1 ft. 0 in. - 3 ft. 0 in. | Width: 3 ft. 0 in. - 5 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Slow
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Arching; Clumping; Erect
Texture
Coarse
Foliage
Needled Evergreen
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Leaf arrangement
Other/more complex; Rosulate
Leaf shape
Lanceolate; Linear
Leaf margin
Serrate
Leaf feel
Glossy; Leathery
Leaf value
Showy
Leaf size
> 6 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Fern-like pinnately divided leaves 10"-50" long with 5-30 leaflets.
Flower form
Insignificant
Flower detail
non-flowering
Fruit color
Brown/Copper; Orange; Red/Burgundy
Fruit size
1-3 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Fruit detail
Dioecious plants. Male cones are thin. Female cones are broad, erect 3'-6' tall with fleshy, orange-yellow or reddish seeds 1/2"-1" long.
Stem detail
Stem-less
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Unknown
Origin
Georgia to Florida, Bahamas, Cuba, Cayman Islands
Wildlife value
Larval host for atala butterfly (Eumaeus atala florida) and the echo moth (Sierarctia echo).
Attracts
Butterflies; Small Mammals; Songbirds
Host plant for
atala butterfly (Eumaeus atala florida) and the echo moth (Sierarctia echo)
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Roots

Edibility

Processed flour made from the root is not toxic and is made into bread and spaghetti.

Uses (ethnobotany)

A source of starch for Native Americans. Also used as an ingredient in Animal Crackers.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Coastal; Container; Naturalized Area; Woodland
Landscape theme
Rock Garden
Design feature
Border; Mass Planting; Specimen
Garden tags
#non-flowering #slow growing #drought tolerant #specimen #salt spray tolerant #palm-like #interesting leaves #cycad #fern-like #evergreen #poisonous #larval host plant #butterfly friendly #problem for cats #problem for dogs #problem for horses #spiny leaves #shrub #showy cones #perennial #wildlife friendly
Problems & Resistance
Problems
Poisonous to Humans; Problem for Cats; Problem for Dogs; Problem for Horses
Resistant to
Drought; Poor Soil; Salt
Propagation
Root Cutting; Seed; Stem Cutting
Poison severity
Medium
Poison parts
Sap/Juice; Seeds; Stems
Poison symptoms
Vomiting (may be bloody), dark stools, headache, stomach pain, jaundice, increased thirst, bloody diarrhea, bruising, liver failure, death. 1-2 seeds can be fatal.
Toxic principle
Glycoside, Cycasin, B-methylamino-l-alanine, unidentified neurotoxin (cattle)
Contact dermatitis
No
Toxicity summary
Medium severity poison; parts: Sap/Juice; Seeds; Stems

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.