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Darwin Barberry

Berberis darwinii (BER-ber-is dar-WIN-ee-eye)

Family: Berberidaceae Unknown Shrub (3-15 ft)

The Darwin barberry is a broadleaf evergreen shrub in the barberry family (Berberidaceae) native to South America. Charles Darwin collected this plant on his voyage of the Beagle and sent the specimen to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, where William Hooker named the species after Darwin. It has a fountain-like, densely branched form, showy yellow-orange flowers and grows to a height of 10 feet. Plant this easy to grow shrub in the full sun to partial shade in average well-drained soils. It will withstand more shade but will have a more open habit and less flowering. Once it is established, it can be quite drought and heat tolerant and it is resistant to browsing by deer. To maintain its shape, prune it only to remove dead, broken or poorly formed branches. However, it is rhizomatous, so it sprouts from its base, and it can form a thicket or be pruned into a privacy hedge. Prolific orange-yellow flowers begin in spring in large clusters and are followed by purplish berries. The leaves are spiny and similar to hollies. Plant as a specimen, in borders or as a hedge in pollinator, drought-tolerant or winter gardens. Appropriate for coastal gardens. This shrub will grow best in the Pacific states. See native alternatives to the left. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: It can be weedy and is considered invasive in CA and other countries. VIDEO created by Andy Pulte for “Landscape Plant Identification, Taxonomy and Morphology” a plant identification course offered by the Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee. More information on Berberis .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 69 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 3 - Shrub (3-15 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Similar, less problematic Berberis aquifolium Ilex vomitoria 'Dwarf' Ribes alpinum

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Perennial; Poisonous; Shrub
Life cycle
Perennial; Woody
USDA zones
7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage
Available space
6-feet-12 feet
Mature size
Height: 5 ft. 0 in. - 10 ft. 0 in. | Width: 4 ft. 0 in. - 10 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
3 - Shrub (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Arching; Dense
Foliage
Broadleaf Evergreen
Leaf color
Gold/Yellow; Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf margin
Serrate
Leaf feel
Glossy; Leathery; Prickly
Leaf size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Simple, alternate, dark green above light yellow-green below leathery spiny serrate margin. The toothed leaves resemble holly.
Flower color
Gold/Yellow; Orange; Red/Burgundy
Flower value
Showy
Flower form
Raceme
Flower shape
Bell
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Showy, prolific orange buds burnished with red erupt into orange-yellow flowers in 5" clusters starting in the early spring. May rebloom in the fall. Individual flowers have six petal-like sepals in 2 rows and six petals
Bloom time
Fall; Spring
Fruit color
Blue; Purple/Lavender; Red/Burgundy
Fruit type
Berry
Fruit value
Edible
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
Dark blue berry round, waxy
Stem color
Red/Burgundy
Stem detail
Red branches are dense with 3-7 parted thorns.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Unknown
Origin
Chile, Argentina
Wildlife value
Bees and butterflies are attracted to the flowers, birds are attracted to the fruits.
Attracts
Bees; Butterflies; Songbirds
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Fruit
Harvest time
Fall; Summer
Fruit type
Berry

Edibility

Not poisonous, but berries contain berberine that can cause stomach upset, especially with children.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Coastal
Landscape theme
Drought Tolerant Garden; Pollinator Garden; Winter Garden
Design feature
Border; Hedge; Mass Planting; Screen/Privacy; Security
Garden tags
#privacy #deciduous #easy to grow #food source soft mast fruit #evergreen shrub #flowers early spring #drought tolerant #deer resistant #fountain form #leathery leaves #heat tolerant #winter interest #spines #border planting #bird friendly #security plant #hedge #perennial #wildlife friendly #thicket #poisonous if ingested
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Soft Scale Identification and Management on Ornamental Plants; Indian Wax Scale Insect; Twobanded Japanese Weevil
Problems
Poisonous to Humans; Problem for Children; Spines/Thorns; Weedy
Resistant to
Deer; Drought; Heat
Propagation
Seed; Stem Cutting
Poison severity
Low
Poison parts
Bark; Leaves; Roots; Sap/Juice
Poison symptoms
Ingestion of the toxic parts can cause stomach upset, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Toxic principle
Berberine, a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid
Contact dermatitis
No
Toxicity summary
Low severity poison; parts: Bark; Leaves; Roots; Sap/Juice

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.