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Moccasin-flower

Cypripedium acaule (sip-rih-PEE-dee-um a-KAW-lee)

Family: Orchidaceae Native Herbaceous

Pink lady slipper ia a native plant in the Orchidaceae (orchid) family that needs very acidic soils and prefers at least partial shade and well-drained slopes. It is usually found in pine forests, where it can be seen in large colonies. In NC it can be found in the mountains. They are difficult to transplant and grow and are best left to their native habitat which is dry to mesic, acidic forests and woodlands, often under pines, other conifers, and/or oak trees. The seeds require the presence of a specific Rhizoctonia fungus to germinate and grow. As the plant matures the relationship becomes symbiotic with the fungus. There at 2 basal leaves with prominent parallel venation from which a single stalk emerges with a single large usually pink orchid type flower that has a slit to attract bees inside for pollination. The bees get no benefit from the plant and they learn to avoid them resulting in low pollination rates. Grow in woodland gardens. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: No serious problems.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 53 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Veratrum viride

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Herbaceous Perennial; Native Plant; Poisonous; Wildflower
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b
Light
Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
High Organic Matter
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Dry
NC region
Mountains; Piedmont
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Erect
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Elliptical
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf size
3-6 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
Yes
Leaf detail
Produces 2 opposite green basal leaves with conspicuous parallel veins that sheath the stem. They are 3½ to 9 inches long, 1 to 3½ inches wide
Flower color
Brown/Copper; Green; Pink
Flower value
Showy
Flower size
1-3 inches
Flower detail
Hollow, 2 in. pink pouch with heavy veining and a center groove; other sepals and petals are greenish-brown and lance-shaped. Flowers bloom from April to June
Bloom time
Spring; Summer
Fruit color
Brown/Copper
Fruit type
Capsule
Fruit detail
The fruit is an ascending capsule that ripens to brown and contains thousands of tiny seeds. Fruit displays in August.
Stem color
Green
Stem detail
Green leafless bristly hairy stem
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
Central & E. Canada to North Central & Eastern U.S.A
Distribution
AL , CT , DC , DE , GA , IL , IN , KY , MA , MD , ME , MI , MN , NC , NH , NJ , NY , OH , PA , RI , SC , TN , VA , VT , WI , WV Canada: NB , NL , NS , ON , PE , SK
Wildlife value
Attracts bees for pollenation
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Summer
Fruit type
Capsule

Uses (ethnobotany)

In the past, the root was used as a remedy for nervousness, tooth pain, and muscle spasms.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Woodland
Landscape theme
Native Garden
Garden tags
#poisonous #NC native #Piedmont Mountains FACU #Coastal FACU #food source pollen #bumblebee friendly #food source summer #Audubon #bee friendly #perennial #NC Native Pollinator Plant
Problems & Resistance
Propagation
Seed
Poison severity
Medium
Poison parts
Leaves
Poison symptoms
Skin irritation after contact
Toxic principle
Unidentified
Contact dermatitis
Yes
Toxicity summary
Medium severity poison; parts: Leaves; contact dermatitis

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.