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Fiddlehead Fern

Onoclea struthiopteris (oh-no-KLEE-ah stru-thee-OP-ter-iss)

Family: Aspleniaceae Native Herbaceous (3-15 ft)

Ostrich fern is an easy-to-grow, herbaceous perennial fern in the spleenwort family (Aspleniaceae) and is native to Eurasia. It is found growing in swampy moist areas, thickets, and the understory of woodlands. The generic name is a combination of the genus name of the ostrich ( Struthio ) and the Greek name for ferns ( Pteris ). It naturally occurs in heavy, moist soil but adapts to light, rich soil and prefers constant moisture. Plant in partial to full shade but it will tolerate sun with cool temperatures and adequate moisture. Divide the crowns in the spring to propagate. With an erect rosette crown of bright green fronds reaching a height of 3 to 5 feet and a width of 2 to 4 feet, the ostrich fern makes an interesting addition to an understory woodland garden, planted in a shade border, or along a slope to prevent erosion. It works well to naturalize or for use in a rain garden. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: No serious problems. The stout rhizomes send out slender underground runners that form new plant colonies, which can be weedy. VIDEO Created by NC State Extension's Homegrown series featuring Mark Weathington , Director of JC Raulston Arboretum .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 48 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Dryopteris x australis Thelypteris noveboracensis

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Fern; Herbaceous Perennial
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b
Light
Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day) | Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Occasionally Wet
Available space
3 feet-6 feet
NC region
Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 3 ft. 0 in. - 5 ft. 0 in. | Width: 2 ft. 0 in. - 4 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
Medium
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Arching; Erect; Vase
Texture
Fine
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately); Fronds
Leaf arrangement
Other/more complex
Leaf shape
Oblong
Leaf margin
Dentate
Leaf feel
Soft
Leaf value
Long-lasting; Showy
Leaf size
> 6 inches long
Hairs present
Yes
Leaf detail
Vase-shaped clump of arching, oblong, lance shaped fronds; vegetative fronds are plumelike, broadest above the middle and tapering to the base; 30-50 pairs of pinnatifid pinnae; tip of frond is abruptly constricted; 6-12 in. lyre-shaped fertile fronds produced in summer, become brown and woody; short stipe is slightly covered with whitish hairs
Fall color
Brown/Copper; Gold/Yellow; Orange
Flower detail
No flowers.
Fruit detail
No fruits. This plants reproduces via spores.
Stem color
Green
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
Eastern North America, Temp. Eurasia
Food & Medicine

Edibility

Fiddleheads can be cooked and consumed

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Naturalized Area; Near Septic; Woodland
Landscape theme
Cottage Garden; Garden for the Blind; Rain Garden; Shade Garden
Design feature
Accent; Border; Mass Planting
Garden tags
#deciduous #aggressive #showy leaves #fern #groundcover #deer resistant #shade garden #easy to grow #wet soils tolerant #heavy shade tolerant #slopes #shade border #understory planting #erosion control #cottage garden #rain garden #naturalized area #woodland #weedy #edible #thicket
Problems & Resistance
Problems
Weedy
Resistant to
Deer; Heavy Shade; Wet Soil
Propagation
Division

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.