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American Yew

Taxus canadensis (TAKS-us ka-na-DEN-sis)

Family: Taxaceae Native Shrub (3-15 ft)

The Canada or American yew is a woody, needled evergreen shrub in the yew family (Taxaceae), native to central and eastern North America. It ranges from Manitoba, Minnesota, and Iowa eastward to the coast and south as far as Tennessee and the mountains of North Carolina. It has an open, sprawling habit and is sometimes referred to as ground-hemlock. The species epithet means "[found] in Canada." The plant grows in partial to deep shade, typically in moist, cool soil, where it may stabilize soils along streams, ponds and bogs. Where its low spreading stems touch the ground, they may root and colonies can be formed. It rarely grows over 5 feet tall, with a spread of 6 to 8 feet. Propagation is by stem cuttings, best done in fall or winter. The foliage may become reddish-brown in winter, and in summer, female plants produce red, berry-like cones. Use this shrub in mass plantings among trees in a wooded area, on a slope or bank or riparian area. It is also at home in a native, rain or winter garden. Of note, deer will browse this plant. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Confers like the American yew are occasionally damaged or killed by insects and spider mites. View the link, Pests of Conifers, in the sidebar to the left for details. VIDEO Created by Elizabeth Meyer for " Trees, Shrubs and Conifers " a plant identification course offered in partnership with Longwood Gardens. More information on Taxus .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 52 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 3 - Shrub (3-15 ft)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Taxus chinensis
Fills a similar niche Aesculus pavia Asclepias incarnata subsp. pulchra Rhododendron arborescens
Similar, less problematic Cephalotaxus harringtonia

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Native Plant; Perennial; Shrub
Life cycle
Woody
USDA zones
3a, 3b, 4a, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b
Light
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Wet
NC region
Mountains
Mature size
Height: 3 ft. 0 in. - 5 ft. 0 in. | Width: 6 ft. 0 in. - 8 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Slow
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
3 - Shrub (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Ascending; Prostrate; Spreading
Texture
Medium
Foliage
Needled Evergreen
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Needles
Leaf shape
Linear
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf value
Fragrant
Leaf size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
3/8- 1-inch dark green needles attached singly in a spiral around the branch but give a flattened appearance as they project laterally only. The undersides are paler with a prominent green midvein and appearing striped.
Flower color
Cream/Tan; Gold/Yellow
Flower detail
Male and female cones are both about 1/8 inch long, borne singly in the leaf axils usually on different branches of the same plant, occasionally on separate plants. Female cones are smaller, beginning as pointed buds and subtended by a series of small bracts. Male cones are oval-elliptic, the cone scales yellowish, the pollen sacs initially creamy colored, turning tan.
Bloom time
Spring
Fruit color
Red/Burgundy
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
The seed is borne in a cup-shaped, fleshy structure called an aril, up to 3/8 inch long, maturing to bright red, open at the end and exposing the single seed in mid- to late-summer.
Stem color
Brown/Copper; Gold/Yellow; Green; Red/Burgundy
Stem detail
Twigs are mostly alternate, hairless, green to yellowish when young, becoming brown to reddish-brown the second year.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
Central and eastern North America.
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Summer
Landscape Use
Landscape location
Riparian; Slope/Bank; Woodland
Landscape theme
Native Garden; Rain Garden; Winter Garden
Design feature
Mass Planting
Garden tags
#swamps #stream banks #riparian #wet soils tolerant #fragrant leaves #problem for cats #understory shrub #groundcover #problem for dogs #problem for horses #shade garden #deer browsing plant #NC native #woodland #pond
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Pests of Conifers
Other problems
White-Tailed Deer
Problems
Problem for Cats; Problem for Dogs; Problem for Horses
Propagation
Stem Cutting

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.